When you encounter a Redis instance and you quickly want to learn about the setup you just need a few simple commands to peak into the setup. Of course it doesn't hurt to look at the official
full command documentation, but below is a listing just for sysadmins.
Accessing Redis
First thing to know is that you can use "telnet" (usually on default port 6397)
telnet localhost 6397
or the Redis CLI client
redis-cli
to connect to Redis. The advantage of redis-cli is that you have a help interface and command line history.
Scripting Redis Commands
For scripting just pass commands to "redis-cli". For example:
$ redis-cli INFO | grep connected
connected_clients:2
connected_slaves:0
$
Server Statistics
The statistics command is "INFO" and will give you an output as following:
$ redis-cli INFO
redis_version:2.2.12
redis_git_sha1:00000000
redis_git_dirty:0
arch_bits:64
multiplexing_api:epoll
process_id:8353
uptime_in_seconds:2592232
uptime_in_days:30
lru_clock:809325
used_cpu_sys:199.20
used_cpu_user:309.26
used_cpu_sys_children:12.04
used_cpu_user_children:1.47
connected_clients:2
connected_slaves:0
client_longest_output_list:0
client_biggest_input_buf:0
blocked_clients:0
used_memory:6596112
used_memory_human:6.29M
used_memory_rss:17571840
mem_fragmentation_ratio:2.66
use_tcmalloc:0
loading:0
aof_enabled:0
changes_since_last_save:0
bgsave_in_progress:0
last_save_time:1371241671
bgrewriteaof_in_progress:0
total_connections_received:118
total_commands_processed:1091
expired_keys:441
evicted_keys:0
keyspace_hits:6
keyspace_misses:1070
hash_max_zipmap_entries:512
hash_max_zipmap_value:64
pubsub_channels:0
pubsub_patterns:0
vm_enabled:0
role:master
db0:keys=91,expires=88
Changing Runtime Configuration
The command
CONFIG GET *
gives you a list of all active configuration variables you can change. The output might look like this:
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG GET *
1) "dir"
2) "/var/lib/redis"
3) "dbfilename"
4) "dump.rdb"
5) "requirepass"
6) (nil)
7) "masterauth"
8) (nil)
9) "maxmemory"
10) "0"
11) "maxmemory-policy"
12) "volatile-lru"
13) "maxmemory-samples"
14) "3"
15) "timeout"
16) "300"
17) "appendonly"
18) "no"
19) "no-appendfsync-on-rewrite"
20) "no"
21) "appendfsync"
22) "everysec"
23) "save"
24) "900 1 300 10 60 10000"
25) "slave-serve-stale-data"
26) "yes"
27) "hash-max-zipmap-entries"
28) "512"
29) "hash-max-zipmap-value"
30) "64"
31) "list-max-ziplist-entries"
32) "512"
33) "list-max-ziplist-value"
34) "64"
35) "set-max-intset-entries"
36) "512"
37) "slowlog-log-slower-than"
38) "10000"
39) "slowlog-max-len"
40) "64"
Note that keys and values are alternating and you can change each key by issuing a "CONFIG SET" command like:
CONFIG SET timeout 900
Such a change will be effective instantly. When changing values consider also updating the redis configuration file.
Multiple Databases
Redis has a concept of separated namespaces called "databases". You can select the database number you want to use with "SELECT". By default the database with index 0 is used. So issuing
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SELECT 1
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379[1]>
switches to the second database. Note how the prompt changed and now has a "[1]" to indicate the database selection. To find out how many databases there are you might want to run redis-cli from the shell:
$ redis-cli INFO | grep ^db
db0:keys=91,expires=88
db1:keys=1,expires=0
Dropping Databases
To drop the currently selected database run
FLUSHDB
to drop all databases at once run
FLUSHALL
Checking for Replication
To see if the instance is a replication slave or master issue
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INFO
[...]
role:master
and watch for the "role" line which shows either "master" or "slave". Starting with version 2.8 the "INFO" command also gives you per slave replication status looking like this
slave0:ip=127.0.0.1,port=6380,state=online,offset=281,lag=0
Enabling Replication
If you quickly need to set up replication just issue
SLAVEOF <IP> <port>
on a machine that you want to become slave of the given IP. It will immediately get values from the master. Note that this instance will still be writable. If you want it to be read-only change the redis config file (only available in most recent version, e.g. not on Debian). To revert the slave setting run
SLAVEOF NO ONE
Dump Database Backup
As Redis allows RDB database dumps in background, you can issue a dump at any time. Just run:
BGSAVE
When running this command Redis will fork and the new process will dump into the "dbfilename" configured in the Redis configuration without the original process being blocked. Of course the fork itself might cause an interruption. Use "LASTSAVE" to check when the dump file was last updated. For a simple backup solution just backup the dump file. If you need a synchronous save run "SAVE" instead of "BGSAVE".
Listing Connections
Starting with version 2.4 you can list connections with
CLIENT LIST
and you can terminate connections with
CLIENT KILL <IP>:<port>
Monitoring Traffic
The propably most useful command compared to memcached where you need to trace network traffic is the "MONITOR" command which will dump incoming commands in real time.
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MONITOR
OK
1371241093.375324 "monitor"
1371241109.735725 "keys" "*"
1371241152.344504 "set" "testkey" "1"
1371241165.169184 "get" "testkey"
Checking for Keys
If you want to know if an instance has a key or keys matching some pattern use "KEYS" instead of "GET" to get an overview.
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> KEYS test*
1) "testkey2"
2) "testkey3"
3) "testkey"
On production servers use "KEYS" with care as you can limit it and it will cause a full scan of all keys!